Analyzing the anisotropic Hooke's law for children's cortical bone.

Compliance calibration for fracture testing of anisotropic biological materials.

The compliance technique has been used to monitor crack length during fracture and fatigue testing of materials. Difficulties arise when this technique is applied to anisotropic biological materials such as bone. In this tutorial, two different methods of analyzing compliance calibration data are described: the standard ASTM method and a new approach developed by the authors specifically for an...

Determination of Relationships between the Ultrasound Velocity and the Physical Properties of Bovine Cortical Bone Femur

Accurate measurements of physical characteristics of bone are essential for diagnosis, assessment of change following treatment, and therefore, indirectly, for evaluation of new forms of therapy. This is particularly true of osteoporosis and aging skeleton, in which fractures occur easily. Methods: In this study an ultrasonic system was set-up and calibrated on Plexiglas tubes of variable thick...

Re-evaluating the toughness of human cortical bone.

Data for fracture in human humeral cortical bone are re-analyzed to assess the validity for this material of linear-elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM), which is the standard method of analyzing toughness and one basis for analyzing clinical data relating to bone quality. A nonlinear fracture model, which is based on representing the damage zone in the bone by a cohesive model, is calibrated agai...

On the Formulation of Constitutive Equations for Living Soft Tissues*

Soft living tissues deform freely under negligible stresses until a certain strain level is reached at which their stiffness increases sharply. Constitutive equations are developed that describe this kind of mechanical behavior and include Hooke's law as a limiting case. It is shown that, similar to Hooke's law, these constitutive equations assure uniqueness of solution for a broad class of bou...

Microsoft Word - Ch03 Hooke's law '02